The Process of Cord Blood Storage – A General Idea

When the cord blood is collected after delivery, it is usually saved in vials or bags. It is then taken to the bank which is specialized in cord blood dealing. A unique ID is given to every blood sample after reaching the bank. The doctors store the blood and the stem cells separately by freezing them along with liquid nitrogen. When they are needed, they are made to de-freeze and used in Autologous and Allogeneic procedures.

Cryopreservation

During the process of cord blood storage, all bags are tagged with a number, baby’s name, date of birth and processing, and contents. It now becomes ready to enter the first phase of cryo-preservation. The bags are placed in 2 cryo tanks with different temperatures and are flooded with liquid nitrogen. This phase will guarantee the safety of the blood cells. The sequence of falling temperature stops the cells from experiencing a shock because of the extreme negative temperature, i.e. – 32 degree F.

To stop the formation of ice crystals on the stem cells, it is necessary to freeze them slowly. For this purpose, a controlled-rate freezer is used in the process of cord blood storage. These specialized freezers are intended to prevent TWEs, i.e. Transient Warming Events. If the temperature fluctuates much, it will cause an irreparable damage to the stem cells. Before keeping the cells in nitrogen, tanks are set at a temperature of -196 o Celsius. The stem cells are then exposed to slower freezing procedure in Vapor tank containing liquid nitrogen. All the tools and equipments are used in a highly secure and supervised facility.  

According to the theory of cord blood storage, the stem cells remain workable forever. However, some research has been going on to find out the maximum storage period and possible usage of the stem cells.

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